TransCanada asked Nebraska to reconsider this decision[72] and worked with Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) to determine the structural cause of a leak in South Dakota on November 21, 2017. On January 24, 2017, President Donald Trump took action intended to permit the pipeline's completion. § 701 et. ", "Keystone pipeline: How many jobs it would really create", "Greenpeace Letter to Securities and Exchange Commission", "Obama Questions Keystone XL Pipeline Job Projections", "Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS)", AP: Obama Understates Keystone XL Pipeline Jobs By Thousands, "Oil sands awash in excess pipeline capacity", "Oil pipeline from Canada stirring anger in U.S. Great Plains", "Republicans aim to take Keystone XL decision out of Obama's hands", "Senate rejects effort to ban Keystone pipeline exports and use U.S. steel", "Senate Republicans block amendment by Sen. Ed Markey to keep Keystone XL Pipeline oil in US for American consumers exclusively", "Alberta exploring at least two oil pipeline projects to North", "Oil differential darkens Alberta's budget", http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/globallaborinstitute/research/upload/GLI_Impact-of-Tar-Sands-Pipeline-Spills.pdf, "Enbridge damage: Utility, road fixes could hit $1 million", "Lac-Mégantic: How to get rid of a town's oil stain", Canada train disaster bolsters pipeline case: Our view, Williston Basin crude oil production and takeaway capacity are increasing, Quebec tragedy reminds us pipelines are safest way to transport oil, "In Dakota Oil Patch, Trains Trump Pipelines", "ENERGY | Keystone Pipeline's Uncertain Future by David Konisky", "Citing Climate Change, Obama Rejects Construction of Keystone XL Oil Pipeline", "Shining Light on Obama's Tar Sands Pipeline Decision", "Protesters in Texas climb trees to block pipeline work", "Keystone: pipeline to Obama's re-election", "Activists Launch Keystone XL Blockade in East Texas", "Green Party presidential hopeful arrested in pipeline protest", "Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein charged with trespassing in Keystone XL protest", "Keystone XL protesters pressure Obama on climate change promise", "Thousands rally in Washington to protest Keystone pipeline", "40,000 People Reported at Climate Change Rally", "Biggest Environmental Rally in Decades Attracts Nationwide Media Attention", "Thousands rally in D.C. against Keystone Pipeline", "Gulf Disaster Raises Alarms about Alberta to Texas Pipeline", "Nebraska governor signs bills to reroute Keystone pipeline", "GOP bill would force action on Canada oil pipeline", "Obama denies Keystone XL pipeline permit", Map of Pipelines and the Ogallala Aquifer, 2012, How Pipelines Make the Oil Market Work – Their Networks, Operation and Regulation, Myth vs. [221][222] The pipeline was immediately shut down,[223] and TransCanada began using the pipe again 12 days after the leak. [48], August 26, 2011 The final environmental impact report was released on stating that the pipeline would pose "no significant impacts" to most resources if environmental protection measures are followed, but it would present "significant adverse effects to certain cultural resources". Keystone started pumping oil through this section in January 2014. Instead, over the past decade Keystone has had two leaks of 400 barrels and two leaks of several thousand, including the spill of more than 9,000 barrels last week, according to PHMSA data. [95] In response, TC Energy stated that the US part of the project would be reassessed (but not abandoned); the Canadian part would proceed as before. Environmental concerns include the potential for air pollution, and for leaks and spills, that could pollute critical water supplies and cause harm to migratory birds and other wildlife. [132], On May 4, 2012, the U.S. Department of State selected Environmental Resources Management (ERM) to author a Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, after the Environmental Protection Agency had found previous versions of the study, by contractor Cardno Entrix,[133] to be extremely inadequate. A portion of the Keystone Pipeline in North Dakota was shut down this week after more than 380,000 gallons of oil leaked, the pipeline owner said in a statement. A fourth, proposed pipeline expansion segment Phase IV, Keystone XL, failed to receive necessary permits from the United States federal government in 2015. September 29, 2015 TransCanada dropped their lawsuit against Nebraska landowners who had refused permission allowing for pipeline easements on their properties, in order to exercise eminent domain over such use. [58] On February 11, 2015, the Keystone XL Pipeline was passed by the House of Representatives with the proposed Senate Amendments 270–152. [158] The Associated Press noted that it was unclear where the president's figure of 2,000 jobs came from. [notes 1][22] Phase III was opened on January 22, 2014, completing the pipeline path from Hardisty, Alberta to Nederland, Texas. The leak lasted for several minutes, with no initial reports of damage to water sources or wildlife. [257] TransCanada said that work on that section of the pipeline could start in June 2012[258] and be on-line by the middle to late 2013. When Nebraska landowners who had refused TransCanada the permission it needed for pipeline easements on their properties, TransCanada attempted to exercise eminent domain over such use. [61], November 3, 2015 U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry issued a determination that the project was not in the public interest. [26] Leaks have been a frequent occurrence in the Keystone Pipeline in recent years. [76], March 2019 President Trump revoked the prior permit and himself directly issued a new permit for the pipeline. One year after the Keystone Pipeline spilled more than 383,000 gallons of crude oil onto rural Walsh County farmland, life has largely returned to normal for the surrounding communities. The only group identified by the Pew poll with less than majority support for the pipeline was among those Democrats who identified themselves as liberal (41% in favor versus 54% opposed).[246]. Since its operation began in June of 2010, the Keystone 1 pipeline has suffered more spills than any other 1st year pipeline in U.S. history, a track record which does not bode well for the proposed Keystone XL which tracks across one of the largest aquifers in the world – the … [216], The main issues are the risk of oil spills along the pipeline, which would traverse highly sensitive terrain, and 17% higher greenhouse gas emissions from the extraction of oil sands compared to extraction of conventional oil. [107] By 2011, Koch Industries refined 25% of all crude oil imported into the United States. TC Energy said there were no injuries. Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada, Pipeline Hazardous Materials and Safety Administration, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, US Army Corps of Engineers v. Northern Plains Resource Council, higher risk of sexual violence and violence, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, necessary to take the tar and turn it into a usable fuel product, United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma, List of articles about Canadian oil sands, List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 21st century, "Keystone Pipeline Starts Deliveries to U.S. Midwest", "Keystone's Cushing Extension Begins Deliveries to Oklahoma", "TransCanada Receives Final Key Gulf Coast Project Permit Construction Set to Begin this Summer", "Gulf Coast Project Begins Delivering Crude Oil to Nederland, Texas", "Obama rejects TransCanada's Keystone XL Pipeline", "Alberta announces investment in Keystone", "Premier Kenney announces Keystone XL pipeline investment", "TC Energy to Build Keystone XL Pipeline", Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Keystone XL Project Applicant for Presidential Permit: TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, LP (SEIS), "The link between Keystone XL and Canadian oilsands production", "C10418 CER - Letter and Order OPMO-005-2020 – TransCanada Keystone Pipeline GP Ltd. – Keystone XL Pipeline Project – Partial Leave to Open at the Keystone Hardisty Complex", "US leg of controversial Canadian oil pipeline opens", "Short-Term Energy and Winter Fuels Outlook", "There's No Stopping the Oil Sands Train", "Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science To Tackle the Climate Crisis", "Authorizing TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, L.P., To Construct, Connect, Operate, and Maintain Pipeline Facilities at the International Boundary Between the United States and Canada", "TransCanada Proposes Second Oil Pipeline", "TransCanada, ConocoPhillips To Expand Keystone To Gulf Coast", "TransCanada Proposes Keystone Oil Pipeline Project", "TransCanada: Keystone Construction to Start Early Next Year", "Union calls on Ottawa to block Keystone", "ConocoPhillips Acquires 50% Stake in Keystone", "TransCanada's Keystone pipeline ready for flow, but is the market there? TransCanada 's existing Keystone pipeline has already leaked a significant amount of oil three times in less than seven years. [37], February 2010 South Dakota Public Utilities Commission granted a permit to proceed. She cited as an example an effort by Saudi Arabia to stop television commercials critical of the Saudi government. [219][224] In April 2018, a federal investigation found that 408,000 US gallons (1,540 m3) of crude had spilled at the site, almost twice what TransCanada had reported. The pipeline also leaked about 16,000 gallons each in spills in 2011 in North Dakota and in 2016 in South Dakota. In its November 11 response, TransCanada pointed out fourteen different routes for Keystone XL were being studied, eight that impacted Nebraska. [267], The Sandhills region and Ogallala Aquifer. judge will soon decide whether Trump had the authority, Future of pipeline could be decided in November, TC Energy assured him the pipeline leak would be cleaned up, 407,000 gallons of oil spilled onto farmland, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. [241] and that over the proposed 50-year timeline of the pipeline, this could mean releasing as much as "1.37 billion more tons of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere". [103][191], On November 10, 2011, the Department of State postponed a final decision while investigating "potential alternative routes around the Sandhills in Nebraska" in response to concerns that the project was not in the United States' national interest.[51]. The Keystone pipeline had 12 spills in its inaugural year. The Alberta government placed a $30,000 ad entitled "Keystone XL: The Choice of Reason" in. They may have accomplished this had the BP oil spill and then leaks in Keystone Pipeline (Phase 1) not occurred. Hid Contractor's Ties to Keystone XL Pipeline Company", "Oil, money and politics; EPA snags Keystone XL pipeline", letter to U.S. Dept. Doer said that all the evidence supports a favorable decision by the US government for the controversial pipeline.[141]. At present, the refineries are dependent on heavy crude from Venezuela, including crude from Venezuela's own massive Orinoco oil sands. of State concerning Keystone XL pipeline, "Keystone XL Pipeline: About the project", "Senate Fails to Override Obama's Keystone Pipeline Veto", "GOP Threatens to Subpoena State Department", "TransCanada Requests Suspension of U.S. The current figures for this week’s spill are estimates — TC Energy will not know the exact numbers until after the cleanup effort is complete, the company said. [244], TransCanada Corporation responded with a letter by President and CEO Russel K. Girling stating that TransCanada "rejects the EPA inference that at lower oil prices the [Keystone XL Pipeline] Project will increase the rate of oil sands production growth and accompanying greenhouse gas emissions". are among five fascinating dinosaur findings. "TransCanada restarts Keystone pipeline after repairing leak". [65] An Angus Reed Institute poll published that week showed that 48% of Canadians supported the revival of the Keystone XL pipeline project. [262] In late 2014 Enbridge announced it is awaiting final approval from the US State Department and expects to proceed with the last phase in mid-2015. Pipeline owner TC Energy said Thursday that an estimated 9,120 barrels of oil spilled near Edinburg, North Dakota, affecting 22,500 square feet of wetlands about an hour from the Canadian border. Nov. 27, 2017 09:50AM EST Popular. [106], On February 4, 2021, Alberta Premier Jason Kenney said that the Government of Alberta intended to pursue justice through the NAFTA adjudication process, which persists until July 2023. The Keystone Pipeline System is an oil pipeline system in Canada and the United States, commissioned in 2010 and owned by TC Energy and as of 31 March 2020 the Government of Alberta. If anything happens on the Keystone XL Pipeline, rapid response is key. Incidents. [74][75], February 2019 District Judge Morris denied a request by TransCanada Corporation to begin constructing worker camps for pipeline although the company could begin construction of pipe storage and container yards as long as they were outside the proposed pipeline's right-of-way. [65], On November 16, 2011, Enbridge announced it was buying ConocoPhillips's 50% interest in the Seaway pipeline that flowed from the Gulf of Mexico to the Cushing hub. [161], In October 2009, a suit was filed by the Natural Resources Defense Council that challenged the pipeline on the grounds that its permit was based on a deficient environmental impact statement. TC Energy is applying for permits to tap the Cheyenne River, White River (South Dakota), and Bad River (South Dakota) for use during construction primarily for drilling to install pipe, to build pump stations and to control dust. The Keystone Pipeline system has been the subject of controversy for years as environmentalists and others have fought to prevent construction and expansion of this oil-delivery network. 3 Major Spills in 7 Years: Keystone Has Leaked Far More Than TransCanada Estimated. [43] On April 2, 2016, PHMSA issued a CAO to TransCanada for a 16,800 US gallons (64 m3) leak in Hutchinson County, South Dakota,[44] and again on April 9. On November 22, 2011, the Nebraska unicameral legislature passed unanimously two bills with the governor's signature that enacted a compromise agreed upon with the pipeline builder to move the route, and approved up to US$2 million in state funding for an environmental study. (After the June 2010 spill of more than 800,000 US gallons (3,000 m, "Realistic calculations yield worst-case spill estimates of more than 180,000 barrels (29,000 m, "Contaminants from a release at the Missouri or Yellowstone River crossing would enter, "The worst-case site for such a spill is in the, Gallup (March 2012): 57% government should approve, 29% government should not approve, Pew Center (September 2013): 65% favor, 30% oppose, Rasmussen (January 2014): 57% favor, 28% oppose (of likely voters), USA Today (January 2014): 56% favor, 41% oppose, Washington Post–ABC News (April 2014): 65% government should approve, 22% government should not approve, CBS News – Roper (May 2014): 56% favor, 28% oppose, This page was last edited on 26 April 2021, at 19:57. [127] On October 4, 2012, 78-year-old Texas landowner Eleanor Fairchild was arrested for criminal trespassing and other charges after she was accused of standing in front of pipeline construction equipment on Fairchild's farm in Winnsboro, a town about 100 miles (160 km) east of Dallas. A press release from TransCanada in 2008 estimated the Keystone XL costs at approximately US$7 billion with a completion date of 2012. [80], August 2019, The Nebraska Supreme Court affirmed the Nebraska Public Service Commission's approval of TransCanada's pipeline application. "[215], Different environmental groups, citizens, and politicians have raised concerns about the potential negative impacts of the Keystone XL project. We conduct regular emergency exercises, and aerial surveys every two weeks. seq., the Corps' issuance of the permits was arbitrary and capricious and an abuse of discretion. [38] and in March 2010, the National Energy Board approved the project. [16] By comparison, production of petroleum in the United States averaged 9.4 million barrels (1.5 million cubic meters) per day in first-half 2015, with gross exports of 500,000 barrels (79,000 m3) per day through July 2015.[17]. [210], University of Nebraska professor John Stansbury conducted an independent analysis which provides more detail on the potential risks for the Ogallala Aquifer. [55] Some of those landowners gave testimony for a House Energy and Commerce Committee hearing in May 2011. Crude oil flows from the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba and through North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri, ending in Illinois and Oklahoma where refineries are located. [230] On June 23, 2010, 50 Democrats in Congress in their letter to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton warned that "building this pipeline has the potential to undermine America's clean energy future and international leadership on climate change", referencing the higher input quantity of fossil fuels necessary to take the tar and turn it into a usable fuel product in comparison to other conventionally derived fossil fuels. In April 2013, TransCanada Corporation changed the original proposed route of Keystone XL to minimize "disturbance of land, water resources and special areas"; the new route was approved by Nebraska Governor Dave Heineman in January 2013. The Cushing MarketLink pipeline phase started at Cushing, Oklahoma, where American-produced oil is added to the pipeline, then runs south 435 miles (700 km) to a delivery point near terminals in Nederland, Texas, to serve refineries in the Port Arthur, Texas, area. [201][notes 2] On March 21, Mother Jones revealed that key personnel employed by Environment Resources Management (ERM), the consulting firm responsible for generating most of the SEIS, had previously performed contract work for TransCanada corporation. [25] The pipeline has a minimum ground cover of 4 feet (1.2 m). “While TransCanada estimates that the Keystone XL will have 11 significant spills (more than 50 barrels of crude oil) over 50 years, a more realistic assessment is 91 significant spills over the pipeline’s operational lifetime. [235], In September 2011, Joe Oliver, Canada's Minister of Natural Resources, sharply criticized opponents of oil sands development in a speech to the Canadian Club of Toronto, arguing that oil sands account for about 0.1% of global greenhouse-gas emissions, coal power plants powered in the U.S. generate almost 40 times more greenhouse-gas emissions than Canada's oil sands and California bitumen is more GHG-intensive than the oil sands.[236]. [52][53], March 2012 Obama endorsed the building of the southern segment (Gulf Coast Extension or Phase III) that begins in Cushing, Oklahoma. Reporters still fumbling numbers in wake of pipeline's rejection", "Keystone pipeline: How many jobs really at stake? An estimated 9,120 barrels of crude oil have spilled from a leak in the Keystone pipeline in North Dakota this week, officials said. Sierra Club associate director Catherine Collentine said in a statement that pipeline spills have no end in sight. [8] This phase has generated the greatest controversy because of its routing over the Sandhills in Nebraska. [41] One of the major concerns was the way in which the original route crossed the Sandhills, the large wetland ecosystem in Nebraska, and the Ogallala Aquifer, one of the largest reserves of fresh water in the world. [217][218], In 2016, about 400 barrels (64 m3) were released from the original Keystone pipe network via leaks, which federal investigators said resulted from a "weld anomaly". [90] Girling said that this construction, which will take place during the COVID-19 pandemic, will follow government and health authorities guidance, to ensure the protection of workers, their families, and surrounding communities from the virus.[90]. [122] Earl Hatley, an environmental activist who has worked with Native American tribes[123] has expressed concern about the environmental and public health impact on Native Americans. January 9, 2015 The Nebraska Supreme Court cleared the way for construction, after Republican Governor Dave Heineman had approved of it in 2013. Later, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that a metal tracked vehicle had run over the area, damaging the pipeline. CVR alleged that the final tolls for the Canadian segment of the pipeline were 146% higher than initially presented, while the tolls for the U.S. segment were 92% higher. [89], March 31, 2020 CEO Russ Girling announced that TC Energy "will proceed with construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline" and thanked President Donald Trump, Alberta Premier Jason Kenney, and other government officials for "support and advocacy" for Keystone XL. [61], In October 2011, The New York Times questioned the impartiality of the environmental analysis of the pipeline done by Cardno Entrix, an environmental contractor based in Houston. "[111] He went on to state that "approving this project would have undercut [the United States'] global leadership" on climate change. What is Keystone XL? [8][9][10][11] It runs from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta to refineries in Illinois and Texas, and also to oil tank farms and an oil pipeline distribution center in Cushing, Oklahoma. [59] The Keystone XL Pipeline bill was not officially sent to President Obama, starting the official ten-day count towards the bill becoming law without presidential signature, until February 24, 2015. "[54], January 22, 2014 The Gulf Coast Extension (Phase III) was completed running 784 kilometres (487 mi) from Cushing to refineries at Port Arthur, Texas. [152][153] The Perryman Group numbers have been disputed by an independent study conducted by the Cornell ILR Global Labor Institute, which found that while the Keystone XL would result in 2,500 to 4,650 temporary construction jobs, the impact will be reduced by higher oil prices in the Midwest, which will likely reduce national employment. "However, ... such a change is not likely to occur. Permit for Keystone XL Pipeline", "Expert Warns That TransCanada's Keystone XL Pipeline Assessments Are Misleading", "Keystone XL Pipeline Safety Standards Not as Rigorous as They Seem", "Gov. [252], An Angus Reid Institute poll, published on March 9, 2017, showed that 48% of respondents across Canada supported the Keystone XL revival, while 33% opposed it, and 20% were uncertain. Canceling the Keystone XL pipeline was Biden's first move. [263], In September 2009, independent refiner CVR sued TransCanada for Keystone Pipeline tolls seeking $250 million damage compensation or release from transportation agreements. [142], Proponents for the Keystone XL pipeline argue that it would allow the U.S. to increase its energy security and reduce its dependence on foreign oil. That number made it the seventh-largest onshore oil spill since 2002. [182][183], On February 17, 2013, approximately 35,000 to 50,000 protesters attended a rally in Washington, D.C. organized by The Sierra Club, 350.org, and The Hip Hop Caucus, in what Bill McKibben described as "the biggest climate rally by far, by far, by far, in U.S. [12] In response to a Freedom of Information Act request for route information, the Department of State revealed on June 24, 2013, that "Neither Cardno ENTRIX nor TransCanada ever submitted GIS information to the Department of State, nor was either corporation required to do so. [39] It would enter the United States at Morgan, Montana, and travel through Baker, Montana, where American-produced oil would be added to the pipeline; then it would travel through South Dakota and Nebraska, where it would join the existing Keystone pipelines at Steele City, Nebraska. [19], As of 2008, certain parties who agreed to make volume commitments to the Keystone expansion had the option to acquire up to a combined 15% equity ownership,[27] which included Valero Energy Corporation[97] and Hogshead Spouter Co.[citation needed], This 3,456-kilometre-long (2,147 mi) pipeline runs from Hardisty, Alberta, to the junction at Steele City, Nebraska, and on to the Wood River Refinery in Roxana, Illinois, and Patoka Oil Terminal Hub (tank farm) north of Patoka, Illinois. [107] In response to the article, Congressmen Henry Waxman and Bobby Rush submitted a letter to the Energy and Commerce Committee urging them to request documents from Koch Industries relating to the pipeline. [171] Increased oil production in North Dakota has exceeded pipeline capacity since 2010, leading to increasing volumes of crude oil being shipped by truck or rail to refineries. [126] In his book The Pipeline and the Paradigm, Samuel Avery quotes landowner David Daniel in Texas, who claims that TransCanada illegally seized his land via eminent domain by claiming to be a public utility rather than a private firm. February 2011The Keystone-Cushing extension (Phase II) was completed running 468 kilometres (291 mi) from Steele City to a tank farm in Cushing, Oklahoma. Decision had `` prevented a how many spills has the keystone pipeline had assessment of the pipeline will only create 35 permanent jobs repairing... Pressure during remediation efforts said in a statement how many spills has the keystone pipeline had pipeline spills have no end in sight oil pipelines to U.S.. Many jobs really at stake giraffe ’ s and a fearsome predator not named T rex States section is kilometres! For much of late 2017, the bill was vetoed and returned for congressional action to replace imports heavy. 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