An index can be top-down or bottom-up in approach, qualitative or quantitative, use secondary data or collect field-based data, and be measured at a local or national resolution . In top down approach, we use following approach to solve any problem. That is, having all objects available and a knapsack of capacity \(C\). 8. C++ top-down and bottom-up solution [Detailed Explanation] 19. susanta_ 372 They want to make something cool, straight away – maybe a 3D game, or a nice-looking interactive website. 7. A top-down approach is essentially the breaking down of a program to gain insight into its compositional small program (or module) in a reverse engineering fashion. In top down approach, decomposition takes place. With a top-down approach, the goal is to learn by creating significant pieces of real software. In this implementation details may differ. Top-down and bottom-up are both strategies of information processing and knowledge ordering, used in a variety of fields including software, humanistic and scientific theories (see systemics), and management and organization.In practice, they can be seen as a style of thinking, teaching, or leadership. I will try to explain it with examples to make it easier to understand. The top-down approach is implemented in the “C” programming language by using functions. The Bottom-Up Approach. Modules : The modules do not require the modules to have a well-established line of communication among them. I am responsible for designing the software architecture of an embedded system in C90 (which is dictated by the target hardware compiler). Top down approach starts with high-level design and ends with the low-level implementation. In this top function of system might be hard to identify. C programming uses top down approach to solve a problem. Thus, the top-down method begins with abstract design and then sequentially this design is refined to create more concrete levels until there is no requirement of additional refinement. The construction of an index also requires consideration of options related to the conceptual framework, analysis scale, component indicators and index computation [69] . Most self-directed learners take the top-down approach when they first start learning to code. In this sometimes we can not build a program from the piece we have started. It shall be easily built against a couple of targets ( In the top-down DP solution we defined the states and subproblems starting from the problem that we want to solve. A bottom-up approach is the piecing together of module (or small program) to give rise to more complex program, thus making the original modules of the emergent program. Contrary to the top-down approach, the bottom-up approach focuses on designing an algorithm by beginning at the very basic level and building up as it goes. The procedural programming languages such as Fortran, COBOL and C follows a top-down approach. 1.First we will make a high level design of a problem statement. In bottom-up DP we will write an iterative solution to compute the value of every state. Object-oriented programming languages like C++, Java, C#, Perl, Python follows the bottom-up approach. This is not natural for people to assemble. The top-down approach is heavily used in the C programming language. In bottom up approach composition takes place. Lets take the scenario where you have to create a program to build a simple calculator. , we use following approach to solve we have started objects available and a knapsack of capacity \ ( ). To explain it with examples to make it easier to understand try to explain it with examples to something... 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